Various patterns of hair loss that have no known cause. Alopecia areata is characterized by the complete loss of hair within roundish patches.
Alternative Names
Alopecia totalis; Alopecia universalis
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
The specific cause of alopecia areata is unknown. A family history of alopecia is present in about a fifth of all cases. Alopecia areata is occasionally associated with autoimmune diseases . Alopecia may also occur as alopecia totalis with complete loss of scalp hair or as alopecia universalis with total loss of all body hair.
Signs and tests
On occasion, a scalp biopsy may be performed.
Treatment
No fully effective treatments are available. Typical therapy includes:
corticosteroids -- topical -- medium to very high potency subcutaneous injection of steroids ultraviolet light therapy irritating agents may be applied to hairless areas to promote regrowth
Expectations (prognosis)
Spontaneous remission with full recovery of hair is common; however, alopecia areata occurring at a young age, prolonged alopecia , or the presence of eczema (atopic dermatitis) often predicts a poorer outcome.
Complications
Permanent hair loss can occasionally occur.
Calling your health care provider
Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you are concerned about hair loss .